French architecture

Lore & Background

French architecture includes the Gallo-Roman period, which adopted Greek architecture and later developed distinctive styles using arches, vaults, and domes, aided by the invention of concrete. Notable examples from this period in France are the Alyscamps necropolis in Arles and the Maison Carrée in Nîmes. The Pre-Romanesque period under the Merovingian dynasty saw the building of churches and monasteries, often continuing Roman basilica traditions while incorporating influences from Syria and Armenia.

Reader's Guide

French architecture's significance lies in its evolution from Roman foundations to distinctive medieval styles. The Romanesque style, developing in the 10th century, featured thick walls, Lombard bands, and domed spaces, as seen in Angoulême Cathedral and the Abbey of Fongombault. Notable Gothic structures include the Abbey Church of St Denis, Chartres Cathedral, and Notre-Dame de Paris. The Southern Gothic style, characterized by a large nave and no transept, is exemplified by Notre-Dame-de-Lamouguier in Narbonne. French architecture's legacy includes its influence on ecclesiastical and civic building design across Europe.

Did You Know?

• The Alyscamps in Arles is a large Roman necropolis, one of the most famous in the ancient world, and is mentioned by Dante in the Inferno.
• The Romanesque style in France sometimes called 'First Romanesque' or 'Lombard Romanesque', is characterized by thick walls and rhythmic ornamental arches known as Lombard bands.
• French Gothic architecture is divided into four styles: Early Gothic, High Gothic, Rayonnant, and Late Gothic or Flamboyant style.